Controllable synthesis of 3D nitrogen-doped carbon networks supported Sn<inf>x</inf>P<inf>y</inf> nanoparticles as high performance anode for lithium ion batteries

Key Words:Tin compounds;Anodes - Carbon - Chlorine compounds - Doping (additives) - Hydrogen production - Ions - Lithium-ion batteries - Nanoparticles - Nitrogen - Phosphorus compounds - Synthesis (chemical) - Temperature

Abstract:Sn<inf>x</inf>P<inf>y</inf> nanoparticles were controllably synthesized on 3D nitrogen-doped carbon networks (Sn<inf>x</inf>P<inf>y</inf>/C)by a freeze drying and low-temperature phosphidation process. Interestingly, the product phase (Sn<inf>4</inf>P<inf>3</inf>, SnP<inf>0.94</inf>)could be varied by the SnCl<inf>4</inf> concentrations and the doping of SnP<inf>0.94</inf> could significantly enhance the cycling properties of Sn<inf>4</inf>P<inf>3</inf> for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The obtained Sn<inf>x</inf>P<inf>y</inf> nanoparticles (5–10 nm)were anchored on the 3D nitrogen-doped carbon networks (N-CN), which protected Sn<inf>x</inf>P<inf>y</inf> from serious agglomeration and large volume expansion. Meanwhile, the N-CN possessed a highly interconnected 3D network structure and good conductivity, so the transportation of Li⁺ would be speed up to enhance the electrochemical performance. As the LIBs anode, Sn<inf>x</inf>P<inf>y</inf>/C displayed the best cycling performance with 2 M SnCl<inf>4</inf> solution, which remained a high capacity of 718 mAh g⁻¹ after 120 cycles (100 mA g⁻¹). The strategy of synthesis Sn<inf>x</inf>P<inf>y</inf>/C could be expanded to controllable synthesis of other metal phosphides on 3D nitrogen-doped carbon networks for LIBs, catalysis, hydrogen generation, etc.<br/> © 2019 Elsevier B.V.

Volume:484

Issue:*

Translation or Not:no